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Energy is a major input in cement manufacturing process and is being met through captive power generation to run the operations cost effectively. On an average, energy cost is around 40% of the production cost for cement manufacturing. Cement Plants in India have installed coal based Captive Power Plants (CPP) which are in operation for several decades. Before this technology was introduced, 30% to 40% of the heat generated in the cement Rotary Kiln and After Quenching Cooler (AQC) processes of a cement plant were wasted and therefore, efforts were made to use the waste heat productively to bring down the cost of production. As a part of this process, since 2002, cement facilities started adopting waste heat recovery systems for power generation. The Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) power plant installed in cement plants, use the heat generated through Rotary Kiln Preheater (PH) and AQC exhaust hot gases for power generation. These hot gases are used to generate steam in steam generator (Boiler) which is further used to generate electricity/power through steam turbo generator (STG). Typically 20% to 30% power requirement of the cement plant can be fulfilled using this waste heat for power generation application, which is a substantial savings / reduction in the overall cost of production. The number of preheater stages in a cement plant has a significant bearing on waste heat recovery potential. A preheater tower is likely to have 4-6 stages. Aged plants have 4 and 5 stage heat recovery in the preheater and thus have a higher potential for power generation. If the numbers of preheater stages are more, efficiency of the cement plant increases but has less potential for WHR power generation. Mid-tapping of AQC is important since it offers higher thermal energy or higher gas temperature. The potential of power generation is 25 KWh/Tonne to 45 KWh/Tonne of clinker production. There are three processes by which WHR based power plants are installed in a cement Industry globally. - Steam Rankine Cycle System (SRC) - Organic Rankine Cycle System (ORC) - Kalina Based System In India, Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC) is widely used for WHR based power generation in cement plants. In SRC, exhaust gases from rotary kiln pass through preheaters (PH) and reach the preheater boiler. Similarly mid tapping from AQC induces hot gases to AQC boiler. One cement kiln line requires 2PH boiler and 1 AQC boiler. These boilers, based on heat source, generate Medium Pressure (MP) steam of 12 Ata to 18 Ata at temperature of 340-450 Deg C and Low Pressure (LP) steam of 2 Ata to 3 Ata pressure and temperature of 175-195 Deg C. For such application, Injection condensing turbines are used. Injection condensing turbines use Medium Pressure (MP) steam as inlet to turbine and LP steam is injected at LP side of the turbine. After this, combined steam is expanded at LP/Exhaust side to 0.1 Ata or 0.2 Ata based on Water cooled condenser and Air cooled condenser options. Steam generation from hot gases is an important engineering and design aspect. Leading Indian boiler companies have developed expertise in steam generation, across various variable situations. Similarly Injection condensing turbines developed by Triveni for different MP and LP steam combinations are successfully working across Indian Cement Industry. These indigenized steam turbines and boilers helps in eliminating the dependency on Chinese boilers and Chinese turbines which were earlier being used in many WHR plants. While more than 60% of cement plants have adopted WHR based power plants, larger cement companies are considering WHR power plants for their Greenfield projects. Following are benchmarked technical parameters for available heat per tonne of clinker in cement plants which are used for WHR power generation.                            WHR FLOW DIAGRAM Triveni Turbines has supplied and installed several Injection Condensing Turbines for Cement WHR plants across India. Detailed design consideration is vital in injection and admission zone. Triveni Turbines rotors are designed with higher stability to offset the excitation caused due to fluctuating injection steam loads. Turbine mid-section and LP section is subjected to cyclic fatigue loads induced by thermal cycle and flow variations. Design and engineering teams carry out CFD analysis and creep fatigue analysis to address these issues. This design philosophy has made the turbines made by Triveni, robust and efficient for Cement WHR applications. Typical Admission/Injection Cross Section of Triveni make Turbine Thermo-Structural Transient Analysis: Turbine Steam PathSome of our prestigious projects across Cement WHR plants in India are: Ultratech Cement Ltd. 5 Turbine orders â€� Dhar Cement Works, Hirmi Cement works, Bela Cement Works, Rajashri Cement Works and Dala Cement Works. Dhar and Hirmi Cement TG sets are in operation. Other 3 are in execution. Nuvoco Vistas Corp.Ltd. (Previously Lafarge Cement) 3 Installations - Arasmita Cement, Sonadih Cement, Chittorgarh Cement Works. - Mangalam Cement Ltd. â€� Kota Rajasthan - Prism Johnson Cement - Satna, MP Parashakti Cement Ltd. (AP) Deccan Cement Ltd. (AP) Samrat Cement Ltd. (Nepal) Dalmia Cement (Orissa) Bhavya cement Ltd.(AP) Penna Cement Ltd. (AP) Site installations: Ultratech Cement Ltd. - Dhar Cement Works (MP) - 13 MW TG Installation Parashakti Cement Ltd. (AP) - 6.5 MW TG Installation with Axial Flow Exhaust.Author: Prashant Dhanpawde, the Head of Western Region Operations for India. He is the Business Head of Cement Industry Segment at Triveni Turbine Limited. His constant persuasion and close association with Cement Industry Experts has found him a leadership position at Triveni Turbine Limited for the Cement WHRS Steam Turbine Generator(STG) market segment. About Triveni Turbine Limited The Company provides renewable power solutions specifically for Biomass, Independent Power Producers, Sugar & Process Co-generation, Waste-to-Energy and District Heating. Its steam turbines are used in diverse industries, ranging from Waste to Energy, Sugar, Steel, Textiles, Chemical, Pulp & Paper, Petrochemicals, Fertilizers, Palm Oil to Food Processing and many more. Apart from manufacturing, the Company also provides a wide range of aftermarket services to its own fleet of turbines as well as turbines of other makes supported by its team of highly experienced and qualified service engineers that operate through a network of service centers. For further information on WHR, you may visit www.triveniturbines.com