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Implementing sweeping changes in contractual conditions, the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) aims to attract increased private investment. Under the revised terms, NHAI will incorporate a provision enabling the repurchase of toll road projects if a competing or additional toll road emerges nearby. The finalised adjustments also guarantee the payment of 90% of outstanding loans to lenders in the event of contract termination due to default by contractors or the highway authority, providing reassurance to banks and financial institutions. NHAI will further enhance transparency by sharing project-specific details and land status with lenders, addressing concerns about project delays arising from land unavailability. These pivotal modifications to the 'model concession agreement (MCA)' and toll highway projects under the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model are poised to rejuvenate private investment in the sector. NHAI has identified 54 projects valued at over Rs 2.2 trillion, covering a distance of 5,200 km. Recently, it disseminated project details to road builders, financial institutions, and fund managers. One major apprehension for investors has been the emergence of government-initiated road projects running parallel to existing toll roads, potentially diverting traffic and causing revenue loss. The introduction of the buyback provision is anticipated to instill confidence in private investors. A senior executive from a road construction company welcomed the amendments, highlighting that the changes in contractual conditions were overdue. These alterations address discrepancies in toll period modifications, concession periods based on actual traffic, and provisions for addressing actual traffic exceeding designed capacity or delays compensated by the authority. Union Road Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari emphasised the commitment to making further adjustments to attract private investment, noting the superior quality and lower maintenance requirements of BOT-Toll projects compared to those funded entirely by the government. NHAI Chairman Santosh Kumar Yadav acknowledged the decline in BOT projects since the golden period between 2009 and 2011, attributing it to aggressive bidding. To revitalise private investment, the authority is implementing changes based on past experiences. Yadav noted that NHAI only tendered one BOT project last year, underscoring the importance of the ongoing efforts to streamline authorisations, enhance transparency, and establish specific deadlines, all aimed at making BOT projects more attractive.