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Researchers at the Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Mohali, have developed a biodegradable 3D-printed polylactic-acid scaffold coated with bismuth ferrite (BiFeO鈧�) that removes and breaks down toxic textile and pharmaceutical dyes from wastewater. The scaffold鈥檚 unique piezo-photocatalytic action means that both sunlight and gentle mechanical vibrations activate the catalyst, so purification continues even on cloudy days. Laboratory tests show the hybrid filter eliminated 98.9 per cent of Congo Red and 74.3 per cent of Methylene Blue, outperforming conventional energy-intensive oxidation methods.

The team coupled experiments with artificial-intelligence models, training neural networks that predict degradation efficiency with up to 99 per cent accuracy, enabling rapid optimisation under varying conditions. Because the scaffold is reusable, low-cost and free of added chemicals, it offers a scalable, eco-friendly solution for industries and off-grid communities alike. By converting the savings into monetary terms, the researchers estimate the technology could cut treatment costs by about Rs 0.18 million a year for a small dye house while preventing roughly 14 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.

With its combination of renewable energy inputs, AI-guided design and biodegradable materials, the INST filter promises a new generation of sustainable water-treatment systems that trap pollutants鈥攖hen destroy them.